This term refers to the incorrect alignment of the maxilla with the mandible, which can be either skeletal or dental.
Our loyal friend may have difficulty eating when the bite is not appropriate. Malocclusions also lead to uneven wear of the teeth, as misaligned teeth come into contact with each other (dental attrition) or with the mucosa. Continuous rubbing and contact can end up causing lesions (self-trauma).
Additionally, the poor positioning of the teeth can lead to hygiene problems due to the accumulation of dirt or food debris in the interdental spaces, favoring periodontal disease.
Skeletal malocclusions, which occur due to a difference in length between the mandible and maxilla, are usually genetically caused and can have preventive treatment. Brachycephalic breeds are more prone to experiencing these types of issues.
On the other hand, dental malocclusions (or Class I) refer to the poor positioning of a single tooth and are not considered to have a hereditary component. Dental misalignment can be due to trauma, issues in dental eruption, or the persistence of deciduous teeth, for example.
One of the main causes of Class I malocclusion observed in dogs is the lingualization of the mandibular canines. The lower canines deviate and erupt toward the tongue, and the teeth may end up impacting the gums and palate, generating ulcers and increasing the risk of infections, potentially even leading to oronasal communications. In these cases, orthodontics may be the most appropriate treatment.
