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21 de febrero de 2024

What Are the Most Common Dental Diseases in Dogs?

Canine oral health is crucial to their overall well-being and is just as important as any other aspect of daily care, yet it is often overlooked. Dental diseases in dogs are more common than many pet owners might think, affecting not only their quality of life but also their overall health.

Healthy teeth allow dogs to chew and grind their food properly, aiding in digestion and the absorption of essential nutrients. Moreover, dental diseases do not only affect the mouth—they can also impact nearby organs such as the eyes and nasal cavity. The accumulation of plaque and tartar can lead to infections and systemic problems in organs like the liver, kidneys, and heart. For this reason, maintaining good dental hygiene is essential to prevent more serious complications.

Dental issues such as periodontal disease or fractured teeth can cause significant pain, impacting a dog’s behavior, mood, and ability to enjoy daily activities. A dog with healthy teeth will enjoy a better quality of life.

It's important to keep in mind that each animal requires specific care, as not all dogs are prone to the same dental problems. For example, small breeds like Yorkshire Terriers or Poodles are more likely to develop periodontal disease (gingivitis–periodontitis), so it’s crucial to get them used to oral handling from an early age to ensure effective hygiene. In contrast, large breed dogs are more prone to dental fractures, so it is recommended to prevent them from chewing excessively hard objects.

The 4 Most Common Dental Problems in Dogs

  • Dental fractures: These are usually caused by trauma or chewing on objects such as toys, sticks, or stones. It’s essential to monitor what your dog chews and provide toys designed specifically to prevent injuries. Dental fractures can be very painful and should be treated as soon as possible.
  • Retained puppy teeth: This occurs when the so-called “baby teeth” do not fall out as they should and remain in the dog’s mouth alongside the adult teeth. This problem can lead to increased plaque buildup, early tartar accumulation, gingival and periodontal infections, and may also cause bite problems and affect overall oral health.
  • Tartar: Although the bacteria naturally present in the mouth usually do not cause issues, poor dental hygiene, along with diet and genetic predisposition, can lead to tartar buildup affecting the teeth and gums. If not addressed in time, this can lead to gingivitis, periodontitis, or even tooth loss.
  • Periodontal disease: The most common oral disease in dogs, it is caused by bacterial plaque affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, leading to inflammation and pain. It begins with gingivitis, where symptoms include bad breath, gum inflammation, and bleeding. If not treated, it can progress to periodontitis—a more advanced condition where the infection reaches the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, causing pain and inflammation. In severe cases, it can lead to irreversible tooth loss and affect surrounding structures like the nasal cavity and eyes.

Today, there are various methods to maintain good dental hygiene in pets, including techniques such as brushing, oral rinses, special diets, and veterinary treatments.

It is vital to be aware of these problems and take both preventive and curative measures to maintain our dogs’ oral health and contribute to a longer, healthier life. Preventing dental diseases significantly reduces the risk of complications that could negatively affect your pet’s longevity. That’s why at IVeM, we have a team of veterinary specialists available for your dog’s dental checkups and ready to answer any questions you may have.

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