Corneal surgery in veterinary medicine is a set of ophthalmological procedures designed to restore the integrity, transparency, and function of the cornea when it is compromised by trauma, deep ulcers, infections, degeneration, or perforations.
The cornea is a key structure for vision, as it provides most of the eye's refractive power. When a corneal injury exceeds the capacity for medical repair, surgery becomes the best option to preserve the eyeball and, in many cases, vision.
Corneal surgery techniques range from relatively simple procedures, such as superficial keratectomy, to more complex surgeries such as corneal grafts, amniotic membrane coverings, corneoconjunctival transpositions, or the use of biological or synthetic materials to replace damaged tissue. These procedures are performed under magnification and with specific microsurgical instruments, similar to those used in human ophthalmology.
In severe cases, such as deep ulcers or corneal perforations, surgery aims not only to improve vision but also to prevent eye loss, manage pain, and prevent intraocular infections.
The choice of the most appropriate surgical technique depends on multiple factors, including the depth and location of the lesion, the condition of the rest of the eye, and the patient's visual prognosis. A correct and timely surgical approach significantly increases the likelihood of stable and functional healing, improving the animal's quality of life.
