If your dog shows gum thickening or excessive gum growth, it is likely a case of gingival overgrowth. This abnormal increase in the number of cells occurs as a result of chronic inflammation, although the cells still retain normal structure and morphology. Gingival overgrowth often leads to the formation of pseudopockets, since the overgrown gingival tissue is not attached to the tooth. These pockets worsen the inflammatory response by facilitating the accumulation of food debris, hair, or bacteria.
This condition can affect both dogs and cats and can have a variety of causes, including hormonal or genetic factors, the use of certain medications, or other sources of chronic irritation.
To diagnose this condition, a biopsy and histological analysis of the overgrown tissue are necessary. In addition, measuring the depth of pseudopockets helps assess the presence of periodontal disease. A full examination using a periodontal probe and intraoral radiographs is essential.
Today we’re sharing the case of Rony, a three-year-old West Highland Terrier who visited us due to drug-induced gingival overgrowth, in this case caused by Cyclosporine (Figure 1). Rony had been on this medication for six months. Cyclosporine is a drug known to cause gingival overgrowth as a side effect, and unfortunately, the condition does not resolve even after discontinuing the medication. Fortunately, Rony showed no signs of oral pain.
After studying his case, we determined that the treatment required removal of the excess tissue (gingivectomy) and reshaping of the gum (gingivoplasty) to restore its normal anatomy (Figure 2). If periodontal disease is also present, it must be addressed as part of the treatment.
At his follow-up visit 10 days after the gingivoplasty (Figure 3), we confirmed that everything was progressing as expected and that healing was going well.
At IVeM, we are a specialized center in the prevention and treatment of oral cavity diseases, with a highly trained and continuously educated team. If you suspect your animal may be suffering from this condition, visit us as soon as possible. Prompt treatment is important to prevent complications such as tooth loss and the spread of infection.
