Rostrodorsal luxation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is primarily caused by trauma. It is characterized by the displacement of the mandibular condyle forward and upward, resulting in the animal's inability to fully close its mouth due to abnormal contact between the upper and lower teeth on the opposite side. This type of luxation can be identified on X-rays, where an increase in the joint space and forward displacement of the condyle is observed.
To reduce rostrodorsal luxation of the TMJ in cats and small dogs, a hexagonal pencil is placed between the upper fourth premolar and the lower first molar on the affected side.
It’s important to note that the reduction of the luxation may be unstable, so it’s recommended to use a tape muzzle for 2 to 3 weeks to prevent the patient from opening its mouth wide and to reduce the risk of recurrence of the displacement. If manual reduction is unsuccessful, a surgical approach should be considered.
In cases of chronic luxation, a condylectomy may be chosen as treatment.
